Multifamily Apartment Cap Rates

About Multifamily Apartment Cap Rates Today

By Terry Painter/Mortgage Banker 

Author of: “The Encyclopedia of Commercial Real Estate Advice”

Member of the Forbes Real Estate Council

 

Fourth Quarter 2021 Cap Rates

Over the past year, multifamily cap rates in all asset classes fell by an average of 54 bps which on a million-dollar purchase equals an increase in value of $54,000. Not small potatoes. Suburban C Class properties experienced the largest cap rate decline by 76 bps or an increase of $76,000 for a million-dollar property. For the first time, quality Class C properties in good neighborhoods are selling for just about the same cap rate as Class B properties. This just doesn’t make sense when you consider the increased cost for repairs and maintenance with an older Class C property. Value-added properties dropped by an average of 60 bps, which makes it much riskier to reposition or rehab these (See more about this below)

5 Reasons Why Multifamily Apartment Cap Rates are so Low

In 2008 when the Great Recession hit, multifamily property values went down or remained flat. The recession was caused by a 6 year bull market where commercial real estate prices kept going up reaching unrealistically high prices that were not supported by reality. The real estate market was also in the hyper-supply phase (see more about this below), which usually means you are buying at the top of the market. Today we are at a similar place, with multifamily prices at an all-time high as a result of inventory for apartment buildings for sale being at an all-time low. This is thought to be a result of the Coronavirus Recession, which unlike the Great Recession which was caused by a runaway subprime loan market.

 

Conversely, multifamily apartment properties in this recession have been going up in value pushing cap rates way down. Why has this happened?  First, this started with residential property values skyrocketing and many multifamily sellers waiting for prices to go up substantially before they put theirs up for sale. Secondly, it is thought to be due to an increased need for housing with vacancies averaging just below 3%, and rents rising at over 8% which theoretically should push prices up. Thirdly, because of the stress the coronavirus put on the economy, almost all apartment starts were either delayed or canceled. Fourthly, to compound this further, banks tightened underwriting and are still shy about lending on new commercial construction today due to the uncertainty of market rents, rental concessions, rental collections, and the time for absorption.  A fifth factor is that multifamily properties are without doubt the most popular type of commercial property and are even more in demand. Lastly, with the stock market continuing to go up, many investors fear the bubble is about to burst and preferred to diversify into investing in overpriced multifamily properties, confident that rents and property values will go up in the future.

Are you Buying at the Top of the Market?

So how do you know if you are buying at the top of the market? Supply and demand is the largest control factor on prices. If there are very few properties for sale in the property class and neighborhood you are shopping in, and almost no new construction starts, this is a sign you are purchasing at the top of the market. It is essential to look at the relationship between low cap rates, low net operating income, and how much time it might take you to raise rents and realize the return on your investment.                                                                                                                                  

 

Most buyers are indeed paying too much for commercial properties when cap rates are historically low, rationalizing that rents can be raised over time. But how much time are we talking about? If it is going to take more than a year for you to reach the cash on cash return you want by raising rents, you are likely paying too much for the property. Now that unemployment and GDP are beginning to return to normal, there will be more apartment construction starts which should eventually supply more units in the market than demand. This will be a much better time to buy.

 

But if you absolutely have to purchase an apartment property now that has an unattractively low cap rate because you have a 1031 exchange, or cash just sitting there, it is important to ask yourself these two questions: 1.) With such a low return on your cash investment, is it worth it to wait until you can increase rents and eventually increase net operating income and property value? Right now, as in most recessions, rents are flat. This means it could take 2 years or longer for rents to increase enough for you to get decent cash on cash return. 2.) To mitigate this, does the property already have under-market rents, or offer some low-cost operational and/or cosmetic value adds that will allow you to increase rents within a year? These could include lowering expenses – perhaps managing the property yourself, and adding new paint, floor coverings appliances, and fixtures.

 

Here is my Forbes.com article on this subject: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesrealestatecouncil/2021/04/06/are-you-buying-at-the-top-of-the-real-estate-market/?sh=4b37ff503230

Is it Safe to Rehab a Multifamily Property Today?   

With Cap Rates for Multifamily Apartment properties holding at historical lows, value Add Acquisitions are priced at an all-time high averaging a 5.5 cap. This is what a quality C Class property went for just over a year ago, so be wary of overpaying for a property that needs major repositioning or rehab. Unless you can buy it at a very good price per unit, this is not the best time to go this route. With the uncertainty of actual repositioning expenses, future market rents, new construction starts, rental concessions, and absorption times, this can represent a large risk.  Historically, value-added investment real estate made sense only when buying at below market value. As a mortgage banker that has made loans on rehab projects since 1997, the largest risk I see today is overpaying for a building and then going over your rehab construction budget. And then compounding the problem taking too much time to complete the construction. 

 

In the first chapter of my book, “The Encyclopedia of Commercial Real Estate Advice” I discuss the four phases of the real estate market cycle and the best time to buy. The market cycle causes there to be winners and losers. Winners are the sellers that sell at the top of the market. Losers are buyers who buy at the top of the market.

 

The end of the recession phase, when distressed commercial properties are foreclosed on is a good time to buy. This is followed by the recovery phase when unemployment has gone down and GDP has gone up—this is a great time to buy. Then comes the expansion phase – the beginning of which is still a good time to buy.  But because it is now a seller's market, prices are going up again. Next comes the hyper-supply phase which is the worse time to buy. Prices are just too high, cap rates are insanely low, but there is an oversupply of units on the market due to new apartment building starts and completed rehab projects. It’s unbelievable that investors are still paying too much for properties – sure that prices will go even higher. You won’t know when the next phase of the real estate market cycle will start, but you can learn to identify which phase you are in so you can make intelligent decisions on purchasing and selling.